Irene Holmes
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 20,2009
Reading Response #6:
Race
In the contemporary world of today the population is becoming more diverse especially with race. Among the Native American Indians the number of full bloods are become rare due to intertribal and interracial marriages. I will use myself as an example, I am a descendant of Lakota and Navajo which makes me half blood, my first claim is Lakota since Native American Indians society is a matrilineal society. I am married into the Hopi Tribe, therefore makes my children a forth Lakota, a forth Navajo and half Hopi.
Again due to the matrilineal society my children will make claim to being Lakota first and the community that we reside in will also label them Lakota first and then Hopi. This is how most Native American Indian tribes society works.
Speaking of diverse populations, from my fathers side of the family who are Navajos, including my father there are nine siblings. Out of the nine only three Uncles married back into the Navajo tribe, one married into Lakota tribe, and five married into the Anglo Saxon people. When we have a family gathering there is such a diversity, other Navajo families will label my father’s family as “Those that brought other’s into the Bitterwater clan.” Here only three out nine brothers can make claim that their children are full bloods and all the others are half bloods.
Within my husband family, there are five siblings and out of the five, only one is living with a Hopi, three married into the Navajo tribe and one into the Lakota tribe. Here again the Hopi family is faced with the diversity in race issues, since Hopi is also a matrilineal society, only two of the sisters can make claim to being Hopi, but only one out of five has children that are full blood Hopi.
As each new generation is exposed to the outside world off the reservation, more and more Native American Indians are finding themselves in intertribal and interracial relationships often leads to new offspring resulting in the diversity of race they will represent.
Monday, July 20, 2009
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Blog #4: Annotation Bibliography
Irene Holmes
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 14, 2009
Annotated Bibliography:
1) " National Indian Gaming Association." NIGA REPORT: The Economic Impact of Indian Gaming in 2008. 29 May 2009. 14 Jul 2009 http://www.indiangaming.org/index.shtml.
This is web site source which gives you the details Indian gaming revenues impact on Indian communities, state and federal government. The source is informational tool that can be used to support how gaming revenues are sorted to enhance the lives of Native people to being more self reliance in economic and social development.
2) Grant, Kenneth. "Social and economic consequences of Indian gaming in Oklahoma / Kenneth W. Grant, Katherine A. Spilde, Jonathan B. Taylor. ." Library of Congress LCCN Peralink for 2003113528 ISBN 097439463710 03 2003 Web.14 Jul 2009.
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 14, 2009
Annotated Bibliography:
1) " National Indian Gaming Association." NIGA REPORT: The Economic Impact of Indian Gaming in 2008. 29 May 2009. 14 Jul 2009 http://www.indiangaming.org/index.shtml.
This is web site source which gives you the details Indian gaming revenues impact on Indian communities, state and federal government. The source is informational tool that can be used to support how gaming revenues are sorted to enhance the lives of Native people to being more self reliance in economic and social development.
2) Grant, Kenneth. "Social and economic consequences of Indian gaming in Oklahoma / Kenneth W. Grant, Katherine A. Spilde, Jonathan B. Taylor. ." Library of Congress LCCN Peralink for 2003113528 ISBN 097439463710 03 2003 Web.14 Jul 2009.
Using this site will also support the question that I will pose, "Although Indian gaming has positive impact at the Indian community, state and federal level but the revenues profited can be more detrimental to individuals and the community. Years before Indian gaming, tribal members had more intiative to promote themselves to obtain jobs and education, many young natives move to cities since the reservation did not offer these services. But now that Indian gaming is providing the lump sum or monthly sum of income, tribal members look forward in receiving these funds in replacement of past earnings. Does Indian gaming becomes a disabler at the individual level and discourages independence due to the comfort measures the revenue provide?" This article shows the social and economic impact Indian gaming both positive and negative.
3) Jackson, Larry. Personal interview. 15 July 2009
This personal interview will inform the audience of the point of view on Indian gaming from the individual who is an enrolled tribal member whose tribe engages in Indian gaming. Things I would like to ask and find out:
1)# of enrolled members
2)Total revenues from their local casino.
3)Payment per capita or monthly.
4)$ amount per enrolled member.
5)% of tribal members employed.
6)% of tribal members enrolled in higher education.
7)Does per capita or monthly payments promote the continuation of social and economical problems in Native America.
8)% spent on tribal development for a better social and economic development.
9)Do you see these changes happening in your community.
10)Does Indian gaming deblitate individuals from become more successful and productive to make a difference in their community.
Monday, July 13, 2009
Reading Response #5:
Irene Holmes
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 13, 2009
Manchester , takes the position as a narrator in the short essay, Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of All and appeals to the audience into a grueling war scence by recalling some of the events that took place during the conflict in Okinawa, between the Americans and the Japanese. Manchester convicts his audience that who in their crazy mind would bring back warriors who fought against each other to stand there and salute flags together like nothing ever happened. Manchester states that the wounds and pain will always be in the heart, you honor and remember the warriors who stood by you and fought with you till the very end. You do not stand there and honor your opposition's fallen warriors. "On Okinawa today, the ceremony will be dignified, solemn, seemly. It will also be anachronistic. If the Japanese dead of 1945 were resurrected to witness it, they would be appalled by the acceptance of defeat, the humiliation of their emperor-the very idea of burying Japanese near the barbarians from across the sea and then mourning them together. Americans, meanwhile, risen from their graves, would ponder the evolution of their own society and might wonder, What ever happen to patriotism?" (Manchester 499). This appeal will make the people think about the sacrifices made by military personnel for American freedom and to have them met with thier opposition and celebrate Flag Day is a dishonor to those who served.
Only a few than a million have actually participated in the front lines of a war, while 16 million other enlisted military have never experienced such. But those who have been in the front lines will always keep the memories of the fallen ones in their heart, the pain of loss which Manchester or any warrior will always keep in their hearts. "It is impossible to loathe war- and with reason-yet still honor the brave men, many of them boys, rally, who fought with me and died beside me. I have been haunted by their loss these fourty-two years, and I shall mourn them until my own death releases me. It does not seem too much to ask that they re remembered on one day each year. After all, they sacrified their futures that might have been yours" (Manchester 505). By bringing his personal feelings into the article, he is convincing the audience that honoring military people should only be for one, the Americans and not the other country's fallen ones. This is what patriotism is.
When Manchester found out that the Flag Day in Okinawa included the Japanese he quickly withdrew himself from the event, because his wounds and respect for the loss of his fellow warriors were still within him. Standing next to a Japanese in celebration of a Flag Day will never happen for Manchester, "There are too many graves between us, too much gore, too many memories of too many atrocites...Nations may make peace. It is harder for fighting men...The fact is that some wounds never heal." (Manchester 506).
Like Manchester, I can relate to his wounds which will never be forgotten. The Lakota Sioux living in Porqupine, South Dakota, for many of us will not stand and salute the flag of the United States due to the fact of the Wound Knee massacre of 1890, when 350 unarmed native people were gunned down by 500 armed men of the U.S. 7th calvary. Many who died that cold winter morning were young children and elderly women. Those who tried to protect and defend the women and children fought with their bare hands, killing 23 armed calvary men who were later recongnized with Congressional Medal of Honor for slaughter of defenseless group of Native people. With this "common greif", I for one will not stand and salute, the pain is too deep and personal.
Manchester's strength is using his personal military experience in the essay, which tells the realism of war rather than the romanticism of war. His weakness is that maybe not every military personnel feels this way, "wounds never heal" because possible someone who served in the same war as him brought this reunion of the two nations so the healing does begin. This is also brings Manchester's composition to a possible inductive fallacy because Manchester is biased in the whole essay, it becomes too personal.
Simkin, John. "Biography: William Manchester." http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKmanchesterW.htm. 07 July 2009. Spartacus Educational . 14 Jul 2009
Oates, Joyce. The Best American Essays of the Century. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print. (Manchester 499,505,506).
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 13, 2009
Reading Response #5
Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of All
In the short essay, Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of All is written by Willaim Manchester in 1987. Manchester by placing himself and his audience among a gathered crowd ready to celebrate Flag Day in Okinawa to honor both parties, the American and the Japanese who were oppositions during the Okinawa war. Manchester argrues that to reunite both parties in such a ceremony is wrong, yes there is a commonality of the loss for those who never returned home but Manchester states that the pain of war is never forgotten, so why would one place themselves in this position and call it patriotism.
Manchester was born April 1, 1922 and died April 1, 2004. He enlisted into the United States Marines after the attack of Pearl Habor and was wounded in a battle in Guadalcanal and also participated in World War II, from which he won several military awards. With a strong military background has written articles related to military and politics. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKmanchesterW.htm.Manchester , takes the position as a narrator in the short essay, Okinawa: The Bloodiest Battle of All and appeals to the audience into a grueling war scence by recalling some of the events that took place during the conflict in Okinawa, between the Americans and the Japanese. Manchester convicts his audience that who in their crazy mind would bring back warriors who fought against each other to stand there and salute flags together like nothing ever happened. Manchester states that the wounds and pain will always be in the heart, you honor and remember the warriors who stood by you and fought with you till the very end. You do not stand there and honor your opposition's fallen warriors. "On Okinawa today, the ceremony will be dignified, solemn, seemly. It will also be anachronistic. If the Japanese dead of 1945 were resurrected to witness it, they would be appalled by the acceptance of defeat, the humiliation of their emperor-the very idea of burying Japanese near the barbarians from across the sea and then mourning them together. Americans, meanwhile, risen from their graves, would ponder the evolution of their own society and might wonder, What ever happen to patriotism?" (Manchester 499). This appeal will make the people think about the sacrifices made by military personnel for American freedom and to have them met with thier opposition and celebrate Flag Day is a dishonor to those who served.
Only a few than a million have actually participated in the front lines of a war, while 16 million other enlisted military have never experienced such. But those who have been in the front lines will always keep the memories of the fallen ones in their heart, the pain of loss which Manchester or any warrior will always keep in their hearts. "It is impossible to loathe war- and with reason-yet still honor the brave men, many of them boys, rally, who fought with me and died beside me. I have been haunted by their loss these fourty-two years, and I shall mourn them until my own death releases me. It does not seem too much to ask that they re remembered on one day each year. After all, they sacrified their futures that might have been yours" (Manchester 505). By bringing his personal feelings into the article, he is convincing the audience that honoring military people should only be for one, the Americans and not the other country's fallen ones. This is what patriotism is.
When Manchester found out that the Flag Day in Okinawa included the Japanese he quickly withdrew himself from the event, because his wounds and respect for the loss of his fellow warriors were still within him. Standing next to a Japanese in celebration of a Flag Day will never happen for Manchester, "There are too many graves between us, too much gore, too many memories of too many atrocites...Nations may make peace. It is harder for fighting men...The fact is that some wounds never heal." (Manchester 506).
Like Manchester, I can relate to his wounds which will never be forgotten. The Lakota Sioux living in Porqupine, South Dakota, for many of us will not stand and salute the flag of the United States due to the fact of the Wound Knee massacre of 1890, when 350 unarmed native people were gunned down by 500 armed men of the U.S. 7th calvary. Many who died that cold winter morning were young children and elderly women. Those who tried to protect and defend the women and children fought with their bare hands, killing 23 armed calvary men who were later recongnized with Congressional Medal of Honor for slaughter of defenseless group of Native people. With this "common greif", I for one will not stand and salute, the pain is too deep and personal.
Manchester's strength is using his personal military experience in the essay, which tells the realism of war rather than the romanticism of war. His weakness is that maybe not every military personnel feels this way, "wounds never heal" because possible someone who served in the same war as him brought this reunion of the two nations so the healing does begin. This is also brings Manchester's composition to a possible inductive fallacy because Manchester is biased in the whole essay, it becomes too personal.
Simkin, John. "Biography: William Manchester." http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKmanchesterW.htm. 07 July 2009. Spartacus Educational . 14 Jul 2009
Oates, Joyce. The Best American Essays of the Century. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print. (Manchester 499,505,506).
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Blog #3: Research Proposal and Tentative Thesis
Blog #3: Research Paper and Tentative Thesis
1) The topic that I choose is about the Native Americans living comfortable lifestyle leads obesity and diabetes. I will express the words “comfortable lifestyle” based on personal experience, because I resided in a Native American community. If the Native American communities such as the Pima Indians living in the Maricopa County area do not address the issues of obesity and diabetes, the nation may fall to extinction in years to come due to "comfortable lifestyles". With statistics, I will be able to show how many Pima Indian are diagnose with obesity and diabetes.The paper will bring awareness to the attending audience which may allow to change their lifestyles to avoid such health problems.
2) My question for the topic: “Does living comfortable lifestyles lead to obesity and diabetes in Native American communities?”
3) The thesis for the topic: Native American living in comfortable lifestyles have a greater risk for obesity and diabetes.
4) The outline for the topic:
a) What defines “comfortable lifestyle” in Native American communities?
b) What are the effects of living a comfortable lifestyle?
c) What is diabetes?
d) What is obesity?
e) How can this problem be addressed in Native American communities before it
is too late?
5) The purpose of my topic is inform and persuade the audience of obesity and diabetes is result of living a "comfortable lifestyle" and use the Pima Indian community as a resource to make my point. By doing so, I hope to bring awareness of what types of medical conditions of living a "comfortable lifestyle" may impose on their own health.
1) The topic that I choose is about the Native Americans living comfortable lifestyle leads obesity and diabetes. I will express the words “comfortable lifestyle” based on personal experience, because I resided in a Native American community. If the Native American communities such as the Pima Indians living in the Maricopa County area do not address the issues of obesity and diabetes, the nation may fall to extinction in years to come due to "comfortable lifestyles". With statistics, I will be able to show how many Pima Indian are diagnose with obesity and diabetes.The paper will bring awareness to the attending audience which may allow to change their lifestyles to avoid such health problems.
2) My question for the topic: “Does living comfortable lifestyles lead to obesity and diabetes in Native American communities?”
3) The thesis for the topic: Native American living in comfortable lifestyles have a greater risk for obesity and diabetes.
4) The outline for the topic:
a) What defines “comfortable lifestyle” in Native American communities?
b) What are the effects of living a comfortable lifestyle?
c) What is diabetes?
d) What is obesity?
e) How can this problem be addressed in Native American communities before it
is too late?
5) The purpose of my topic is inform and persuade the audience of obesity and diabetes is result of living a "comfortable lifestyle" and use the Pima Indian community as a resource to make my point. By doing so, I hope to bring awareness of what types of medical conditions of living a "comfortable lifestyle" may impose on their own health.
Thursday, July 2, 2009
Reading Response #4: Rhetorical Situation
Irene Holmes
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 02, 2009
Reading Response #4: Rhetorical Situation
Pamplona In July
The short essay, Pamplona In July written by Ernest Hemingway first published in 1923 in The Toronto Star Weekly under “World’s Series Of Bull Fighting a Mad, Whirling Carnival“ (Pg. 98). Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois and died 1961. He started his writing career at age 17 working at a newspaper office in Kansas City continued as he lived his life. Most of his writing are fictional but related to personal experiences, “Hemingway -himself a great sportsman-liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith.
His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories…” like the short essay, Pamplona In July. (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html). Pamplona In July is about Spanish bull fighting event that takes place every year in Pamplona, Spain and had also become a part of Hemingway’s life experience. Hemingway traveled to Spain frequently to witness the bull fights allowing him to bring his reality into a fictional form of writing in the essay Pamplona In July, (http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Hemingway_Ernest.html).
The fictional piece of literature was written to entertain and educate the audience about bullfighting. Through entertaining scenarios, Hemingway is able to educate the audience about bull fighting, “Consequently Pamplona is the toughest bull fight town in the world…About three hundred men, with capes, odd pieces of cloth, old shirts, anything that will imitate a bull fighter’s cape are singing and dancing in the arena. There is a shout, and the bull pen opens…the bull charges and bags another man. The crowd roars with delight.” (Pg. 102). Hemingway brings the audience into the bull fighting arena by detailed and graphic imagery writing of bull fights, “Once he flopped the cape at the bull and floated it around in an easy graceful swing…Instead of stopping at the finish the bull charged on in…the bull was on top of him, driving his horns again and again into him.” (Pg. 105). Bull fighting originated 1726 in Spain, and as described by Hemingway the bull fights back then are similar in fighting style. Brave men entered the arena with capes and swords in hand ready to take on the bull, “As bullfighting developed, the men on foot, who by their cape work aided the horsemen in positioning the bulls, began to draw more attention from the crowd…When a bull first comes into the arena out of the toril, or bull pen gate, the matador greets it with a series of manoeuvres, or passes, with a large cape…matador tries to stimulate the excitement of the crowd by working closer and closer to the horns, the fighter takes the sword and lines up the bull for the kill…The kill, properly done by aiming straight over the bull's horns and plunging the sword between its withers into the aorta region, requires discipline, training, and raw courage; for this reason it is known as the “moment of truth”.” (http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/bullfighting/history.html). The comparison of the fictional writing of a bull fight and reading the facts about a bull is very close in detail, Hemingway did a good job of his close observation of the bull fights that he attended in his life which aided him write an excellent fictional essay about bull fights. The essay Pamplona in July is written for an audience who enjoy sporting events because Hemingway, “himself a great sportsman-liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith.” (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html).
Hemingway warns the male audience that a bull fighter’s bravery is no where near a typical man’s bravery. If their wives should ever witness a bull fighter’s bravery, proving their own bravery to their wives may never be as greater than a bull fighter, “Maera is Herself‘s favorite bull fighter. And if you want to keep any conception of yourself as brave, hard, perfectly balanced, thoroughly competent man in your wife‘s mind never take her to a real bull fight…You can not compete with bull fighters on their own ground. If anywhere…husbands are able to keep drag with their wives at all is that, first there are only a limited number of bull fighter, second there are only a limited number of wives who ever seen bull fights.” (Pg. 104). Hemingway may have had difficulties with his wife when writing this essay, it was unusual for a writer to advise an audience.
The essay itself was full of excitement from beginning to end, like any sporting event one will enter the arena, court or field or to sit among the audience with great anticipation to win and conquer an opponent. Here Hemingway is the narrator, sitting in the stands, he has great anticipation of the bull fight, “We Picked out the three matadors of the afternoon with our glasses. Only one of them was new. Olmos, a chubby faced, jolly looking man, something like Tres Speaker. The others we had seen often before. Maera, dark, spare and deadly looking, one of the very greatest toreros of all time. The third, young Algabeno, the son of a famous bull fighter, a slim young Andalusian with a charming Indian looking face.” (Pg. 103). As the fight nears the end, Hemingway’s fine selection of bull fighter is down to one still standing, Olmos. “There is no substitute matadors allowed. Maera was finished. His wrist could not lift a sword for weeks. Olmos had been gored badly through his body. It was Algobeno’s bull. This one and the next five. He handled them all. Did it all. Cape play easy, graceful, condident…five bulls he kills, one after the other…they were all wonderful bulls.” (Pg.105-106).
Hemingway uses names of places such as the city of Pamplona which is located in Spain is also the capital of the Province of Navarra where the Fiesta of San Fermin takes place every year from July 7 through July 14. The bull runs begin every morning through out the whole festival. (http://goeurope.about.com/cs/spain/a/pamplona_fermin.htm). The “festival of San Fermin at Pamplona” (Pg. 101) is also an actual event of Pamplona.
Bringing actual facts of places and events into a fictional story brings the story together and without causing confusion in details. Imagine a fictional story about bull fights in Alaska, one would question “Bulls in Alaska?”, maybe the writer met seal fights in Alaska. Writers like Hemingway will use personal experiences into writing fiction or nonfiction stories. The audience he choose for his essay is basically for any reader but if there are any male readers he warns them of every taking their wives to a bull fight. The essay itself is very entertaining and educational, and the language he uses are of Spanish version which ties in with the story and make the audience feel like they are among the stands in Spain watching the bull fight with Hemingway in Pamplona in July.
Oates, Joyce. The Best American Essays of the Century. 1. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print. Hemingway. 98,101,102,103,104,105,106
Martin, James. "About.com." Pamplona Spain and the Running of the Bulls. 2002. Europe Travel. 3 Jul 2009 http://goeurope.about.com/cs/spain/a/pamplona_fermin.htm.
Frenz, Horst. "Nobel Lectures,." Literature 1901-1967. 1969 . Elsevier Publishing Company. 3 Jul 2009 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html.
"Spain Travel Guide." History of bull Fighting in Spain. 2009. Spanish Fietas Ltd.. 3 Jul 2009 http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/bullfighting/history.htm.
"Ernest Hemingway Biography." 2004. biographybase. 3 Jul 2009 http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Hemingway_Ernest.html.
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
July 02, 2009
Reading Response #4: Rhetorical Situation
Pamplona In July
The short essay, Pamplona In July written by Ernest Hemingway first published in 1923 in The Toronto Star Weekly under “World’s Series Of Bull Fighting a Mad, Whirling Carnival“ (Pg. 98). Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois and died 1961. He started his writing career at age 17 working at a newspaper office in Kansas City continued as he lived his life. Most of his writing are fictional but related to personal experiences, “Hemingway -himself a great sportsman-liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith.
His straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his predilection for understatement are particularly effective in his short stories…” like the short essay, Pamplona In July. (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html). Pamplona In July is about Spanish bull fighting event that takes place every year in Pamplona, Spain and had also become a part of Hemingway’s life experience. Hemingway traveled to Spain frequently to witness the bull fights allowing him to bring his reality into a fictional form of writing in the essay Pamplona In July, (http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Hemingway_Ernest.html).
The fictional piece of literature was written to entertain and educate the audience about bullfighting. Through entertaining scenarios, Hemingway is able to educate the audience about bull fighting, “Consequently Pamplona is the toughest bull fight town in the world…About three hundred men, with capes, odd pieces of cloth, old shirts, anything that will imitate a bull fighter’s cape are singing and dancing in the arena. There is a shout, and the bull pen opens…the bull charges and bags another man. The crowd roars with delight.” (Pg. 102). Hemingway brings the audience into the bull fighting arena by detailed and graphic imagery writing of bull fights, “Once he flopped the cape at the bull and floated it around in an easy graceful swing…Instead of stopping at the finish the bull charged on in…the bull was on top of him, driving his horns again and again into him.” (Pg. 105). Bull fighting originated 1726 in Spain, and as described by Hemingway the bull fights back then are similar in fighting style. Brave men entered the arena with capes and swords in hand ready to take on the bull, “As bullfighting developed, the men on foot, who by their cape work aided the horsemen in positioning the bulls, began to draw more attention from the crowd…When a bull first comes into the arena out of the toril, or bull pen gate, the matador greets it with a series of manoeuvres, or passes, with a large cape…matador tries to stimulate the excitement of the crowd by working closer and closer to the horns, the fighter takes the sword and lines up the bull for the kill…The kill, properly done by aiming straight over the bull's horns and plunging the sword between its withers into the aorta region, requires discipline, training, and raw courage; for this reason it is known as the “moment of truth”.” (http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/bullfighting/history.html). The comparison of the fictional writing of a bull fight and reading the facts about a bull is very close in detail, Hemingway did a good job of his close observation of the bull fights that he attended in his life which aided him write an excellent fictional essay about bull fights. The essay Pamplona in July is written for an audience who enjoy sporting events because Hemingway, “himself a great sportsman-liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith.” (http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html).
Hemingway warns the male audience that a bull fighter’s bravery is no where near a typical man’s bravery. If their wives should ever witness a bull fighter’s bravery, proving their own bravery to their wives may never be as greater than a bull fighter, “Maera is Herself‘s favorite bull fighter. And if you want to keep any conception of yourself as brave, hard, perfectly balanced, thoroughly competent man in your wife‘s mind never take her to a real bull fight…You can not compete with bull fighters on their own ground. If anywhere…husbands are able to keep drag with their wives at all is that, first there are only a limited number of bull fighter, second there are only a limited number of wives who ever seen bull fights.” (Pg. 104). Hemingway may have had difficulties with his wife when writing this essay, it was unusual for a writer to advise an audience.
The essay itself was full of excitement from beginning to end, like any sporting event one will enter the arena, court or field or to sit among the audience with great anticipation to win and conquer an opponent. Here Hemingway is the narrator, sitting in the stands, he has great anticipation of the bull fight, “We Picked out the three matadors of the afternoon with our glasses. Only one of them was new. Olmos, a chubby faced, jolly looking man, something like Tres Speaker. The others we had seen often before. Maera, dark, spare and deadly looking, one of the very greatest toreros of all time. The third, young Algabeno, the son of a famous bull fighter, a slim young Andalusian with a charming Indian looking face.” (Pg. 103). As the fight nears the end, Hemingway’s fine selection of bull fighter is down to one still standing, Olmos. “There is no substitute matadors allowed. Maera was finished. His wrist could not lift a sword for weeks. Olmos had been gored badly through his body. It was Algobeno’s bull. This one and the next five. He handled them all. Did it all. Cape play easy, graceful, condident…five bulls he kills, one after the other…they were all wonderful bulls.” (Pg.105-106).
Hemingway uses names of places such as the city of Pamplona which is located in Spain is also the capital of the Province of Navarra where the Fiesta of San Fermin takes place every year from July 7 through July 14. The bull runs begin every morning through out the whole festival. (http://goeurope.about.com/cs/spain/a/pamplona_fermin.htm). The “festival of San Fermin at Pamplona” (Pg. 101) is also an actual event of Pamplona.
Bringing actual facts of places and events into a fictional story brings the story together and without causing confusion in details. Imagine a fictional story about bull fights in Alaska, one would question “Bulls in Alaska?”, maybe the writer met seal fights in Alaska. Writers like Hemingway will use personal experiences into writing fiction or nonfiction stories. The audience he choose for his essay is basically for any reader but if there are any male readers he warns them of every taking their wives to a bull fight. The essay itself is very entertaining and educational, and the language he uses are of Spanish version which ties in with the story and make the audience feel like they are among the stands in Spain watching the bull fight with Hemingway in Pamplona in July.
Oates, Joyce. The Best American Essays of the Century. 1. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. Print. Hemingway. 98,101,102,103,104,105,106
Martin, James. "About.com." Pamplona Spain and the Running of the Bulls. 2002. Europe Travel. 3 Jul 2009 http://goeurope.about.com/cs/spain/a/pamplona_fermin.htm.
Frenz, Horst. "Nobel Lectures,." Literature 1901-1967. 1969 . Elsevier Publishing Company. 3 Jul 2009 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1954/hemingway-bio.html.
"Spain Travel Guide." History of bull Fighting in Spain. 2009. Spanish Fietas Ltd.. 3 Jul 2009 http://www.spanish-fiestas.com/bullfighting/history.htm.
"Ernest Hemingway Biography." 2004. biographybase. 3 Jul 2009 http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Hemingway_Ernest.html.
Tuesday, June 23, 2009
Reading Response #3: Contextualizing
Irene Holmes
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
June 20, 2009
Reading Response #3: Contextualizing
The Rainy River
O’Brien brings his audience back in time in the short story, The Rainy River, by using dates, name of landmarks and names of the characters. O’Brien begins by telling his audience that he has never told this story to anyone because of the shame it brought him. O’Brien portrays a young man who receives a draft letter in the summer of 1968 right after he graduates college and faced with a decision that will impact his life forever. He was against the Vietnam War because he believed that it was not justified enough to have lives taken. Despite his disposition, he was unable to get out of being drafted and his home town and family impose pressure that young men should serve their country.. With emotions running high, O’Brien decides to make a run for the Canadian border to escape from the U.S. draft for military. As he ventures closer to Canada O’Brien is welcomed into a resort run by an elderly man who lives right along a river which divides the United States and Canada. During his stay he learns about himself and comes to a final decision, to drafted or not to be drafted.
Based on the reading O’Brien receives a draft letter for the Vietnam War in “June of 1968, a month after graduating from Macalester College…a war I hated. I was only twenty one years old.“. (O’Brien 630). Based on internet research the “United States involvement in Vietnam war dated from 1948 to 1973...December 1, 1969 marked the date of the first draft lottery held since 1942...affecting men between 18 and 26 years old.“ (http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/Vietnam/). This allows the reader to place themselves in that part of time while reading the short story and the dates are relevant to time and era. Since this website was last modified march 2009 contains contact information, the resource is reliable.
During the Vietnam War, by 1972 more than “70,000 draft evaders and deserters were living in Canada” (http://www.landscaper.net/draft.htm), which was O’Brien’s initial goal to flee into Canada to avoid drafting, “in mid-July I began thinking serious about Canada. the border lay a few hundred miles north, an eight hour drive. Both my conscience and my instincts were telling me to make a break for it, just take off and run like hell and never stop…Run.” (O’Brien 633). This website was last modified March 2009 and also has contact numbers which makes it a reliable source. Being able to find sources with statistical information gives the readers that men like O’Brien did really flee into Canada to avoid being drafted during the Vietnam War era.
The O’Brien’s place of exile during his run to Canada was at a “fishing resort called Tip Top Lodge…a place to lie low for a day or two.” (O’Brien 636) which was along Rainy River, Minnesota. This river is “85 miles long that forms part of the U.S.-Canada border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainy_River). The name and landmark is detailed information allowing the reader to visualize and place themselves in the story making it more realistic. The website was last updated June 2009 and has no contact numbers, so again one would have to be careful about using the site as a resource and anyone can state anything without facts so again not a good resource.
O’Brien is welcome into the lodge by an elderly man name “Elroy Berdahl: eighty-one years old, skinny and shrunken and mostly bald…as he peered up at me I felt a strange sharpness, almost painful, a cutting sensation, as if his gaze were somehow slicing me open…the old man took one look and went to the heart of things-a kid in trouble.” (O’Brien 636). Berdahl was quiet and kept to himself, without question, O’Brien had a hunch “that he already knew. At least the basic. After all it was 1968 and guys were burning draft cards, and Canada was just a boat ride away. Elroy Berdahl was no hick.” (O’Brien 637). Berdahl gave O’Brien his own personal time to figure out his inner personal dilemma and feeling of the draft, so when the day came to be release out from Berdahl’s wings, “he must have planned it. I’ll never be certain, of course, but I think he meant to bring me up against the realities, to guide me across the river and take me to the edge and to stand a kind of vigil as I chose a life for myself.” (O’Brien 642). This Elroy Berdahl character is a name of a real person living in Minnesota and now 99 years of age based on the internet search under white pages. (http://www.whitepages.com/). This is a good resource site in finding names but does not give the life history of the person. To prove if Berdahl is the real person in the story would be hard to prove, because there is no bibliography.
As O’Brien’s shame to ever tell his story brought him courage to make a stand on a personal and emotional decision about being drafted to go to war during the Vietnam War and to admit to one’s self on courage. “The day was cloudy. I passed through towns with familiar names, through the pine forest and down to the prairie, and then to Vietnam, where I was a soldier, and the home again. I survived, but it’s not a happy ending. I was a coward. I went to the war.” (O’Brien 645).
Oates, Joyce Carol and Beha, Christopher R. The ecco anthology of Contemporary American Short Fiction. 1. New York, NY. HarperCollins Publishers. 2008 O’Brien, Tim. On The Rainy River.
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/Vietnam/
http://www.landscaper.net/draft.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainy_River
http://www.whitepages.com/
Ms. Darrow
ENG 140
June 20, 2009
Reading Response #3: Contextualizing
The Rainy River
O’Brien brings his audience back in time in the short story, The Rainy River, by using dates, name of landmarks and names of the characters. O’Brien begins by telling his audience that he has never told this story to anyone because of the shame it brought him. O’Brien portrays a young man who receives a draft letter in the summer of 1968 right after he graduates college and faced with a decision that will impact his life forever. He was against the Vietnam War because he believed that it was not justified enough to have lives taken. Despite his disposition, he was unable to get out of being drafted and his home town and family impose pressure that young men should serve their country.. With emotions running high, O’Brien decides to make a run for the Canadian border to escape from the U.S. draft for military. As he ventures closer to Canada O’Brien is welcomed into a resort run by an elderly man who lives right along a river which divides the United States and Canada. During his stay he learns about himself and comes to a final decision, to drafted or not to be drafted.
Based on the reading O’Brien receives a draft letter for the Vietnam War in “June of 1968, a month after graduating from Macalester College…a war I hated. I was only twenty one years old.“. (O’Brien 630). Based on internet research the “United States involvement in Vietnam war dated from 1948 to 1973...December 1, 1969 marked the date of the first draft lottery held since 1942...affecting men between 18 and 26 years old.“ (http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/Vietnam/). This allows the reader to place themselves in that part of time while reading the short story and the dates are relevant to time and era. Since this website was last modified march 2009 contains contact information, the resource is reliable.
During the Vietnam War, by 1972 more than “70,000 draft evaders and deserters were living in Canada” (http://www.landscaper.net/draft.htm), which was O’Brien’s initial goal to flee into Canada to avoid drafting, “in mid-July I began thinking serious about Canada. the border lay a few hundred miles north, an eight hour drive. Both my conscience and my instincts were telling me to make a break for it, just take off and run like hell and never stop…Run.” (O’Brien 633). This website was last modified March 2009 and also has contact numbers which makes it a reliable source. Being able to find sources with statistical information gives the readers that men like O’Brien did really flee into Canada to avoid being drafted during the Vietnam War era.
The O’Brien’s place of exile during his run to Canada was at a “fishing resort called Tip Top Lodge…a place to lie low for a day or two.” (O’Brien 636) which was along Rainy River, Minnesota. This river is “85 miles long that forms part of the U.S.-Canada border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainy_River). The name and landmark is detailed information allowing the reader to visualize and place themselves in the story making it more realistic. The website was last updated June 2009 and has no contact numbers, so again one would have to be careful about using the site as a resource and anyone can state anything without facts so again not a good resource.
O’Brien is welcome into the lodge by an elderly man name “Elroy Berdahl: eighty-one years old, skinny and shrunken and mostly bald…as he peered up at me I felt a strange sharpness, almost painful, a cutting sensation, as if his gaze were somehow slicing me open…the old man took one look and went to the heart of things-a kid in trouble.” (O’Brien 636). Berdahl was quiet and kept to himself, without question, O’Brien had a hunch “that he already knew. At least the basic. After all it was 1968 and guys were burning draft cards, and Canada was just a boat ride away. Elroy Berdahl was no hick.” (O’Brien 637). Berdahl gave O’Brien his own personal time to figure out his inner personal dilemma and feeling of the draft, so when the day came to be release out from Berdahl’s wings, “he must have planned it. I’ll never be certain, of course, but I think he meant to bring me up against the realities, to guide me across the river and take me to the edge and to stand a kind of vigil as I chose a life for myself.” (O’Brien 642). This Elroy Berdahl character is a name of a real person living in Minnesota and now 99 years of age based on the internet search under white pages. (http://www.whitepages.com/). This is a good resource site in finding names but does not give the life history of the person. To prove if Berdahl is the real person in the story would be hard to prove, because there is no bibliography.
As O’Brien’s shame to ever tell his story brought him courage to make a stand on a personal and emotional decision about being drafted to go to war during the Vietnam War and to admit to one’s self on courage. “The day was cloudy. I passed through towns with familiar names, through the pine forest and down to the prairie, and then to Vietnam, where I was a soldier, and the home again. I survived, but it’s not a happy ending. I was a coward. I went to the war.” (O’Brien 645).
Oates, Joyce Carol and Beha, Christopher R. The ecco anthology of Contemporary American Short Fiction. 1. New York, NY. HarperCollins Publishers. 2008 O’Brien, Tim. On The Rainy River.
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/Vietnam/
http://www.landscaper.net/draft.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainy_River
http://www.whitepages.com/
Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Blog #2: Research Project
Community: Pima Indians and Diabetes
1. Internet resource: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/DM/pubs/pima/obesity/obesity.htm
This internet site will be useful to the community that I will be researching. The site states the reason why Diabetes Type II is more prevelant to the Pima Indians than any other tribes. Still will allow me to prove a point of what kind of prevention and intervention is best to reduce the incidence rate of Diabetes Type II among the Pima Indians.
Contact NNIDK: General inquiries may be addressed to: Office of Communications & Public LiaisonNIDDK, NIHBuilding 31. Rm 9A0631 Center Drive, MSC 2560Bethesda, MD 20892-2560USA For information about NIDDK programs: 301.496.3583
Last updated May 2002.
The material is useful but if I need to research for numbers of incidence rate with the current date then I may have to find other sources to find the information needed to support my research paper.
2. Article resource: http://discovermagazine.com/2005/may/native-americas-alleles
Since this article is a magazine article, no work sited is found. Although it is still a good resource that quotes are found through out the article.
1. Internet resource: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/DM/pubs/pima/obesity/obesity.htm
This internet site will be useful to the community that I will be researching. The site states the reason why Diabetes Type II is more prevelant to the Pima Indians than any other tribes. Still will allow me to prove a point of what kind of prevention and intervention is best to reduce the incidence rate of Diabetes Type II among the Pima Indians.
Contact NNIDK: General inquiries may be addressed to: Office of Communications & Public LiaisonNIDDK, NIHBuilding 31. Rm 9A0631 Center Drive, MSC 2560Bethesda, MD 20892-2560USA For information about NIDDK programs: 301.496.3583
Last updated May 2002.
The material is useful but if I need to research for numbers of incidence rate with the current date then I may have to find other sources to find the information needed to support my research paper.
2. Article resource: http://discovermagazine.com/2005/may/native-americas-alleles
Since this article is a magazine article, no work sited is found. Although it is still a good resource that quotes are found through out the article.
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